Field Manuals: fm 3-3 Chem Bio Avoidance

Contamination avoidance is the best defense against enemy use of chem and bio (CB).

Avoidance reduces the risk of being targeted by CB agents and minimizes the effects of CB contamination hazards. Knowing where contamination exists or how long the hazard may persist is essential to avoiding the hazard. Enemy use of C&B make battlefield operations more difficult and time consuming.

Combat, combat support, and combat service support operations may be more difficult to perform in a CB environment. Tasks/missions may take more time, but they require prior training in Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) gear because of the problems created by CB contamination. CB attacks may cause casualties, materiel losses, and creation of many obstacles. Training will reduce the problems caused by CB attacks on the unit. Units must locate clean areas as well as locate contamination in an CB environment. Contaminated units will have to perform decontamination (decon) operations.

To survive and accomplish the mission, individuals and units must take precautions to avoid or minimize effects of initial and residual CB hazards. The threat of contamination may force individuals and units into MOPP gear or into collective protection. Wearing MOPP gear results in heat buildup and degrades individual performance. Using collective protection requires special procedures that are time consuming. See FM 3-4 for information on what measures or steps an enemy CB attack may affect friendly forces. FM 3-3 outlines how to anticipate an enemy CB attack and minimize the effects on friendly forces.

Survival-SHTF-Guide: fm 3-3 Chem Bio Avoidance

Protection and Decontamination If a unit is unable to avoid CB hazards, the individual soldier and unit must take protective measures. Actions that minimize equipment losses and limit the spread of contamination are discussed in this manual. Measures taken to aid in protection are covered in FM 3-4.

If a unit is unable to avoid contamination, then some form of decon will be necessary. Decon reduces the immediate CB hazard. It may allow troops to reduce their MOPP level and operate in a contamination-free environment. Decon is discussed in FM 3-5. Tactical Considerations If CB are used, individual and collective protective measures must be taken. Time-consuming and manpower-intensive tasks such as CB reporting, and chem recon, surveys, and decon may be necessary. Mission CB contamination forces the commander to reconsider how best to accomplish the mission with the available resources.

The commander has five options. In order of preference, these are: First, do the mission in a clean area. The commander must decide whether the mission can be accomplished while staying out of contaminated areas. Second, do the mission in a contaminated area using a higher MOPP level, but take more time.

Third, do the mission in a contaminated area using a higher MOPP level, and use more soldiers or equipment. Fourth, delay the mission until the contamination has weathered. Fifth, do the mission in the same amount of time with the same number of soldiers, but take a greater risk by using a MOPP level that does not provide maximum protection.

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Field Manuals: fm 3-3 Chem Bio Avoidance